The Doubt Theory Of Knowledge Philosophy Essay

The Doubt Theory Of Knowledge Philosophy Essay Doubt is the key to Knowledge (Persian Proverb). To what extent is this true in two areas of knowledge? What is Doubt and what is knowledge? Personally, I believe Knowledge is anything and everything that we perceive, understand via our Ways of Knowing such as Sense Perception, Reasons and Emotions and that is justified. Doubt is anything that provokes our mind to question what we perceive thus activating our thought process towards the attainment of Knowledge. Where Doubt gives us a feeling of uncertainty, Knowledge gives us a feeling of certainty. Thus, it is so observed that these conflicting emotions yield a productive solution, Satisfaction. They seem to be in accordance with the Chinese concept of Yin Yang, which is used to describe how polar or seemingly contrary forces are interconnected, interdependent and antipodes in the natural world  [1]  . Thus Doubt and Knowledge are analogous to the Yin and Yang; giving rise to each other in turn, in an infinitesimal process. The physical nature of light was a debate amongst Physicists for a pretty long time and J.J. Thomson doubted that light was composed of particles. J.J. Thomson attempted to find a solution to this by his famous Gas Tube experiments. These experiments eventually took a turn when they showed that the particles are negatively charged and this discovery was as a matter of fact, a major step towards the formulation of a Standard Model of the Atom. Here observation played a major role and it so happens that our Sense Perception is important in the creation of Doubt. Where Mr. X will find a can of Coke hovering in mid-air as something unusual, Mr. Y may not. There is a conflict in this statement as well. Can it not be possible that it is this conflict in Perceptions that helps us get nearer to the truth, to the Knowledge? Thus we see that Doubt has significance in contributing knowledge. Let us assume that Doubt is not the key to Knowledge, then what is? To satisfy this argument, what I cou ld come up with, was something that was contrary to doubt yet satisfying the condition that it should be a valid contributor of knowledge. Since the opposite of doubt is certainty, Laws and Absolute Doctrines could be considered as a knowledge contributor. However, it must be understood that Doubt is the emotion, which leads us to the formulation of these Laws. Hence, Doubt must be credited as being the key to knowledge. Yes, Curiosity could be a contributing factor for the expansion of knowledge. An appropriate analogy could be that of a car filled with fuel (Curiosity) and a key (Doubt). Hence without the inquisitiveness and the Doubt, our mind would remain unproductive. Einstein was a Theoretical Physicist who made, perhaps the biggest breakthrough of science in the 20th century with his Theories of Relativity. His peculiar curiosity, to be in constant quest for learning, was sparked at a very young age when he was shown a pocket compass. What interested young Einstein was whiche ver way the case was turned, the needle always pointed in the same direction. He thought there must be some force in what was presumed empty space that acted on the compass2. Einstein doubted what was it that made the compass always point in the same direction. Thus it is seen that Doubt and Curiosity both have an important role in being a key contributor of Knowledge. However, according to me, there is a certain extent to which we can doubt something. For example, there are some assumed a priori truths such as 2+2 = 4, which lie at the fundamentals of our understanding of the world, however by doubting these statements as well, we will instead of progressing towards knowledge, create more hindrances in the pursuit of knowledge. This marks the boundaries till which we can doubt some statements in the Natural Sciences and Mathematics. We know for certain that people have different perceptions. Correspondingly this means that they yield different thoughts as well. This has a different role in Natural Sciences and a different role in Ethics. Standard Models have always had Doubt as an emotion which has lead to their formulation. An example is that of the Model for Solar System. Various Models such as the Tychonic System, Copernican System, etc which were believed in however all were doubted to some extent due to disagreement with observed facts. Thus these doubts became a reason for scientists to continue the pursuit of Knowledge. In case of ethics, doubting and questioning a supported belief creates tension between two parties. Doubt at the same time also leads to awareness, knowledge about a socially relevant issue. Sati, was a Hindu religious rite practiced in India which involved women to burn themselves in their husbands funeral pyre as an act to wash away any sins their husbands committed, thus making him able to have a happy afterlife. This notion was ethically put right by a person called Raja Ram Mohan Roy. He challenged this unethical ritual and brought it to a legal end. Thus, he by questioning, doubting a religious belief, made a difference for the women of India. This shows that highly revered, generation old practices, beliefs and dogmas can also be unjustified and this leads to a socially relevant awareness. This awareness is nothing but knowledge in plain language. Throughout my school life, I have experienced that feeling of doubt in some or the other learning experience. For example, I still remember my Physics teacher introducing the concept of gravity. After a whole lot of discussion about this weirdly interesting phenomena I happened to ask my teacher, Sir, Why does Gravity exist?, and the response was, It just exists. Personally, I believe that that was the day when my interest and subsequent curiosity was established for Physics. It was that moment of doubt that has today instilled in me the inquisitiveness towards the subject. Thus it seems to me that the very fact that we have exceptions and unanswered or perhaps unanswerable questions which all correspond to that disputing emotion, is the reason why we attain knowledge or perhaps stay on the pursuit of knowledge. We Humans have a tendency to question, to doubt the most fundamental occurrences in order to gain a better understanding of the world and how it functions. Doubt is that feel ing which starts that cycle, of the yin yang. If not, how could it ever be that we would know when we are right and when we are wrong? Are we on the right track? Is there something more to this event? We would be living in a world accepting unverified knowledge. Hence, we see that Doubt interacts with different WOKs in different AoKs. Where in the Natural Sciences and Mathematics, it is the reasons and logics which sparks a conflicting emotion, In Ethics it is the emotions such as sympathy, and empathy. I believe that Doubt holds the key to our better understanding of not only what surrounds us but also who we are. Doubt defines us and perhaps will provide us with a convincing explanation as to what our goal is in this world. If not today, then maybe tomorrow, we might find what we are looking for; all we need to do is not lose hope. Word Count 1236.

Early Childhood Essay

Discusses the numerous options that students have when it comes to choosing the right school for them. Because every student is different from each other, it is only enough that schools become as diverse as they could be. The schools are not only diverse in terms of their geographical locations but also in terms of the programs they offer, the standards they maintain, and the population. It is important that children and families be given the freedom to choose the school they want to apply to because of the need to grow and learn in a place where the student is most comfortable in. The freedom to choose what school to go to is also vital in contributing to the child’s future because there might be some schools where certain programs that the child need are not available. If the law would not allow families to choose the schools their children should go to, it might limit the children’s development and, ultimately, their overall success in life. However, as with all other things, the freedom to choose also has its own negative effects, and both families and educators should be aware of these effects to be able to provide a better education to the children. Freedom is a good thing, especially if it means success. Still, people should keep in mind that if they abuse the freedom they have in their hands, nothing good would ever come out. In choosing the right school, students should think about what they want to achieve and what they want to become in life. They should also consider practical things like the cost of studying in a particular school. For educators, they should remember to give every student the chance to experience the education of their institution no matter what the student’s status in life may be.

Oedipus Tragic Hero or Victim of Fate - 1379 Words

In his work Nature and Elements of Tragedy, Aristotle outlined the characteristics needed in order to create a compelling tragic hero. He states that this particular character must be better than we are, a man who is superior to the average man in some way. At the same time, a tragic hero must evoke both pity and fear among the audience, causing each member to experience a feeling of catharsis, or strong emotion. According to Aristotle, the best way to achieve this effect is to accurately portray the protagonist’s imperfections, for a character that constitutes good and evil is more convincing than a character that is purely good. Lastly, a tragic hero can be characterized by his hamartia, a Greek word that can be translated as tragic†¦show more content†¦Oedipus’ unremitting pursuit of the truth instead of placing trust in the gods, finally affirms the completion of the oracle’s words. While Oedipus’ â€Å"tragic flaw,† or the belief that he could change the predetermined will of the gods, had ultimately led him to the recognition of the unavoidable power of the gods, none of the measures Oedipus took had any effect on his future state. He even proclaims I, Oedipus /damned in his birth, in his marriage damned, /damned in the blood he shed with his own hands! (Ode 3, 71-73) Here Oedipus repeats the word â€Å"damned† three times, emphasizing the fact that both his birth and marriage had already been predetermined by the gods. The word â€Å"damned† can also be translated as â€Å"doomed,† suggesting that Oedipus’ life was ill-fated from the moment he was born. However, if Oedipus truly believed this, why would he act in defiance of the gods if they were considered all-powerful and all-knowing? Perhaps if Oedipus had simply accepted their will and not attempted to avoid it in any way, he would not have had to dealt with so much additional suffering in his present state. Additionally, after b linding himself, Oedipus ponders his fate: God. God. Is there a sorrow greater? Where shall I find harbor in this world? My voice is hurled far on a dark wind. What has God done to me? (Exodos, 84-88) The phrase â€Å"What has GodShow MoreRelatedOedipus Rex : A Tragic Hero882 Words   |  4 Pagesto live out their fates. In the case of Oedipus Rex, fate drove him into a downfall. Oedipus Rex is a part of the great Sophoclean play, written by Sophocles. Sophocles wrote this story to exemplify a tragic hero, he uses specific character flaws to explain the downfall of his hero. Oedipus is a perfect tragic hero because his early life forces the audience to admire as a privilege young man and also pity him as he falls into a crushing downfall towards the end. Oedipus’s tragic flaws are pride, persistenceRead MoreOedipus the King: A Greek Tragic Hero Essay516 Words   |  3 Pagesanalysis of the â€Å"tragic hero† of Greek drama. In his work, Poetics, he defines a tragic hero as â€Å"...The man who on the one hand is not pre-eminent in virtue and justice, and yet on the other hand does not fall into misfortune through vice or depravity, but falls because of some mista ke; one among the number of the highly renowned and prosperous.† Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero is clearly shown by the main character in the Greek tragedy Oedipus the King by Sophocles. Oedipus, the protagonistRead MoreTragic Flaws Of Oedipus Rex950 Words   |  4 Pages Tragic Flaws of Oedipus Rex The ancient Greek’s culture was greatly influence by their belief in in many gods. They believed that the gods would guide them and that everyone was destined to live out their fates. In the case of Oedipus Rex Fate drove him into a downfall. Oedipus Rex is a part of the great Sophoclean play, written by Sophocles. Sophocles’ write this story to portray a tragic hero, using character flaws to explain his downfall. Oedipus is a perfect tragic hero because his whirlwindRead MoreOedipus Rex : A Tragic Hero945 Words   |  4 Pagesout their fates. In the case of Oedipus Rex Fate drove him into a downfall. Oedipus Rex is a part of the great Sophoclean play, written by Sophocles. Sophocles’ write this story to portray a tragic hero, using character flaws to explain his downfall. Oedipus is a perfect tragic hero because his whirlwind of a life force the audience to admire him in the beginning of the story as a privilege young man and also pity him a he falls into a c rushing downfall. Sophocles intentionally gave Oedipus certainRead MoreOedipus Rex : The Tragic Hero735 Words   |  3 Pagesa tragedy a hero must possess a tragic flaw that leads to his or her ruin. An example that backs up this argument is Sophocles’s tragedian play, Oedipus Rex, in which its protagonist was a victim of such fatal flaws that caused ruination in his life. In this case, Oedipus tragic flaws were both his anger and his pride. Furthermore, the fate that Oedipus suffered because of such flaws not only caused his downfall, but also the death of those he cherished. The tragic flaws that Oedipus possessed madeRead MoreOedipus the King: A Tragic Hero Essay example694 Words   |  3 Pageslife and remember that life without pain. For Oedipus Rex, looking back is impossible to do without pain, a pain that stems from his prideful life. Oedipus is aware that he alone is responsible for his actions. He freely chooses to pursue and eventually accept his own lifes destru ction. Although fate victimizes Oedipus, he is a tragic figure since his own heroic qualities, his loyalty to Thebes, and his undying quest for the truth ruin him. Oedipus’ pride, drawn from his own heroic qualitiesRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Oedipus The King1528 Words   |  7 Pagesdescribes the tragic hero as having three components which should be present in order to influence the audience. The audience must become involved emotionally with the hero so they become fearful for his welfare or well-being. The concluding suffering of the hero draws pity from the audience. Aristotle describes this emotional transition as â€Å"catharsis† which refers to the purging or releasing of emotions. This is what Aristotle believes entices audiences to watch tragedies. The hero must also beRead More tragoed The Tragic Figure of Oedipus the King (Oedipus Rex)923 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tragic Figure of Oedipus Rex  Ã‚     Ã‚   Sophocles is perhaps one of the greatest tragedians ever. Sophocles said that a man should never consider himself fortunate unless he can look back on his life and remember that life without pain. For Oedipus Rex, looking back is impossible to do without pain. This pain stems from his prideful life. Oedipus is aware that he alone is responsible for his actions. Oedipus freely chooses to pursue and accept his own lifes destruction. Even though fate victimizesRead More Discuss the ways in which the character of Oedipus in Oedipus the King1192 Words   |  5 PagesDiscuss the ways in which the character of Oedipus in Oedipus the King conforms to the conventions of the tragic hero. In your discussion refer to how the issues explored in the play have a wider significance than the tragedy of Oedipus as an individual. Assessment 9: Short Essay – Drama Discuss the ways in which the character of Oedipus in Oedipus the King conforms to the conventions of the tragic hero. In your discussion refer to how the issues explored in the play have a wider significance Read More The Pride of Oedipus the King Essay1346 Words   |  6 PagesPride of Oedipus the King Oedipus the King is perhaps one of the most famous and influential of Sophocles plays. It is a tragic play which focuses on the discovery by Oedipus that he has killed his father and married his mother. On the surface of this drama there is, without a doubt, a tone of disillusionment. Throughout the play we find that Oedipus, the protagonist of this Greek tragedy, is tested by life in a number of ways. To those in Athens who watched the performance of Oedipus the King

The Juvenile Justice Is A Legal System - 3495 Words

Children are often is born innocent. It is the way they are natured that determines whether they will remain law abiding citizens or not. Barton and Butts (2008) asserts that Children who are nurtured under tender care and attention tend to grow into law abiding citizens. According to Scott and Steinberg (2008) several factors including mental, moral, spiritual and physical factors can impact on a child development. The ability of children to realize their full potential is determined by these factors. Conversely, wrong company, negligence, lack of basic needs, harmful surroundings and other abuses may negatively affect a child and turn him or her into a delinquent. The term juvenile who originates from the word â€Å"juvenis† means young. A child or a Juvenile is considered a minor under the law. This is a person who is below eighteen years of age. On the other hand, juvenile delinquency or juvenile crime refers to the involvement of a minor or a person under age 18 in an ill egal act. The juvenile justice is a legal system whose task is to protect children. It deals with children’s protection and those in conflict with the Indian law (Scott Steinberg, 2008). The ever changing society modern society, children tend to rediscover themselves before they attain the majority age. It has been argued that the increasing exposure of children to the media including the internet, music, radio, video games, and television impacts on their psychological development. This make children oShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Parens Patriae Within The Criminal Justice System873 Words   |  4 Pagesthe concept of parens patriae within the Criminal Justice System corresponds with the shaping of juvenile justice. Throughout history, the Criminal Justice System seldom focused on the understanding of the relationship between children and criminal responsibility and the special needs of juveniles. Despite of age, juveniles were often overlooked and were typically processed a nd subject to the similar punishments as adults. Consequently, juveniles placed in the same facilities as adults who committedRead MoreEssay on Adult Justice System vs. Juvenile Justice System1145 Words   |  5 PagesAdult Justice System vs. Juvenile Justice System Versus CJ150: Juvenile Delinquency Josh Skaggs There are many similarities and differences between the adult and juvenile justice systems. Although juvenile crimes have increased in violence and intensity in the last decade, there is still enough difference between the two legal proceedings, and the behaviors themselves, to keep the systems separated. There is room for changes in each structure. However, we cannot treat/punish juvenileRead MoreA Case of Juvenile Justice Essays1116 Words   |  5 PagesCharlie – A Case in Juvenile Justice Melissa Thomas CJ420 – Juvenile Justice Prof. Amy Ng December 4, 2012 Abstract Children are gifts from above and need guidance and love. If either one is absent then they are at risk of becoming juvenile offenders or career criminals. The juvenile justice system has many players that facilitate the tools for a juvenile to use an offense as a learning experience. The juvenile encounters three important individuals; the juvenile police officer, probationRead MoreTrying Juveniles as Adults Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Caldwell (1961) the juvenile justice system is based on the principle that youth are developmentally and fundamentally different from adults. According to Mack (1909) the focus of the juvenile justice system has shifted from â€Å"was the crime committed† to â€Å"why did the child commit the crime†, â€Å"how can we help the child†. When performing as it is designed and up to the initial intentions, the juvenile court balances rehabilitation (treatment) of the offender with suitable sanctions whenRead MoreJuv enile Justice And Criminal Justice1368 Words   |  6 Pages The border between juvenile justice and criminal justice did not endure the juvenile court’s first century. By the 1980s, there was general disappointment with both the means and the ends of normal juvenile justice. As with every other social repair efforts, it is difficult to say whether frustration with juvenile justice was born of erroneous concept or of wretched execution. The administering accepted by justice policy, however, was unmistakable. Juvenile courts began to adopt the sentiment andRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Is A System Modeled To Provide1066 Words   |  5 PagesThe Juvenile Justice System is a system modeled to provide a legal setting where youths account for their wrongs or are offered official protection. A distinct juveniles justice system commenced in the United States over 100 years ago. The first juvenile court was established in 1899. The system is founded under a range of core principles. First, juveniles are different from adults and hence n eed to be handled differently by the Justice System. Second, it is argued that juveniles differ from oneRead MoreThe Cost of Culpability: The Significance of Numbers Inside the Criminal Justice System (Age and Economics)1244 Words   |  5 Pages Both juveniles and mentally ill adult offenders fell under the above category, it was possible that one could be found not liable due to their age and mental status’ and win a victory in court that could be categorized as legal injustice. Throughout this paper, inconclusive evidence was found that suggested legal definitions were basically written the same but were interpreted differently by various courts. The only noticeable shifts were found in the application of these terms inside the criminalRead MoreThe Constitutionality Of The Juvenile Justice System1634 Words   |  7 PagesThe juvenile justice system has grown and changed substantially since 1899, when the nation’s first juvenile court was established in Illinois. Originally, the court process was informal often nothing more than a conversation between the youth and the judge and the defendant lacked legal representation. To replace confinement in jails with adults, the early juvenile courts created a probatio n system and used a separate service delivery system to provide minors with supervision, guidance, and educationRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : Should Severity Of Punishment For Young Offenders Be The Same As Adults?1200 Words   |  5 PagesJuvenile Delinquency: Should Severity of Punishment for Young Offenders Be the Same as Adults? Throughout centuries of development, crime and social safety are still the biggest concerns for a country since it can influence the political, economic, and social aspects. With the evolution of human civilization, more than seventy percent of the world has been urbanized into developed countries. These countries contain advanced technologies, highly-comprehensive policies and economic system. Along withRead MoreThe Is Our Legal System Effective And Just?1691 Words   |  7 Pagesanywhere threatens justice everywhere, once said Martin Luther King Jr. Although this principle was once nothing more than a saying, throughout history it has slowly become a reality for humanity to face. When the legal system the people once relied on for justice has failed, law and order are no longer present. Instead, injustice and chaos runs rampant throughout society. As occurrences like these become more frequent, a question is raised toward our society: Is our legal system effective and just

The Cold War A New History by John Lewis Gaddis - 831 Words

With this book, a major element of American history was analyzed. The Cold War is rampant with American foreign policy and influential in shaping the modern world. Strategies of Containment outlines American policy from the end of World War II until present day. Gaddis outlines the policies of presidents Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon, including policies influenced by others such as George Kennan, John Dulles, and Henry Kissinger. The author, John Lewis Gaddis has written many books on the Cold War and is an avid researcher in the field. Some of his other works include: The United States and the Origins of the Cold War, 1941-1947, The Long Peace: Inquiries into the History of the Cold War, We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War†¦show more content†¦When discussing Eisenhower, Gaddis details the massive retaliation policy adopted by Eisenhower and John Dulles. â€Å"The New Look’ as it is referred to, was instead of building up the military by providing mo re men, instead it would be cost effective to build up arms, and threaten nuclear attacks if the Soviets attempted to influence other areas across the globe and spread communism. With Kennedy and Johnson both, the return to NSC-68 and Vietnam are covered by Gaddis. With more military and economic support for preventing communism, troops were spread to places in Vietnam specifically and across the globe attempting to resist communist forces in many places. This ‘flexible response’ was in essence reducing the power of the army as a whole. The defeat in Vietnam and the flexible response method used by Kennedy and Johnson was judged harshly by Gaddis. The final administration covered by Gaddis was the Nixon presidency. This period, known as Dà ©tente, signals a return to Kennan’s approach to an extent while combining policies from the Kennedy and Johnson diplomacy. Nixon and Kissinger worked towards establishing international rules of conduct in which the Soviets an d China would soon follow promptly and the balance of powers in the world would provide for stability. Gaddis’ book was a detailed anShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War : A New History By John Lewis Gaddis1690 Words   |  7 Pagessince the dawn of American history. The American revolt against the arrogant, totalitarian regime set a precedent for the future events in which the nation came together to oppose anything that went against the concept of democracy, and capitalism. Communism, or Marxism posed as a huge threat to the free mined Western societies, thus resulting in world wars that left perilous aftermaths, and bred an ongoing conflict between the two global political establishments. The Cold War, which is most commonlyRead MoreThe Cold War : A New History By John Lewis Gaddis Essay1711 Words   |  7 PagesI chose The Cold War: A New History by John Lewis Gaddis for my book to review. I originally read parts of this book for History of the International System, but we did not read the entire book in class, only certain chapters. It’s been two years since I’ve picked up the book, and after reading about the Cold War in the context of U.S. foreign policy rather than simply an international history class, it seems like an entirely new book. I really like how the book into broken up into a series of themesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Cold War : A New History By John Lewis Gaddis2049 Words   |  9 PagesThe Cold War: A New History by John Lewis Gaddis The Cold War: A New History written by John Lewis Gaddis (a professor at Yale University who wrote other books such as The United States and the Origins of the Cold War and Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security) delivers a summarized, yet skewed interpretation of what had happened during the era known as the Cold War. Throughout the book, the author attempts to provide history of the Cold War, whileRead MoreJohn Lewis Gaddis s The Cold War1414 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Lewis Gaddis, is a leading American Historian of the Cold War. He is the Professor of history at Yale University. He is already the author of six books on the same subject. The Cold War: A New History, however, has been written on a less cosmic level. He has distilled a life time of research into this short but comprehensive book. He has given new avenues to old controversies in worldly and stylish, yet direct and plain-spoken manner. The book offers a lot of summari es to intricate historicalRead MoreSurprise, Security, And The American Experience980 Words   |  4 Pagesexperience There are a lot of things analyze the shifts in American foreign policy have been written before the famous day America lose it sense of security Sept 11. Thing like news reports, articles and books. Theses are some of those books :Rogue Nation, The Bubble of American Supremacy, Top Secret America: The Rise of the New American Security State. There are some books who are against America that don t hesitate to compare it to evil countries like Germany during ww2. Then there are book thatRead MoreThe Cold War as the Result of Fear of Soviet Expansion Essay example1472 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War as the Result of Fear of Soviet Expansion At the end of the Second World War only two out of the all the great powers were left standing. Germany and Japan had been crushed in the war and Britain and France were weakened economically and politically. The United States, who had not seen much fighting on her shores, emerged from the war economically and politically intact as a great nuclear power and Russia, although weakened economically, had the largestRead MoreWas President Truman Responsible for the Cold War? Essay1105 Words   |  5 Pagesinto office right at the end of World War II, after the death of President Franklin Roosevelt. Almost immediately after becoming president, Truman learned of the Manhattan Project, and had to decide whether or not to use the atomic bomb. With the advice of James Byrnes, Secretary of State, Truman decided to drop two atomic bombs on Japan, in part to demonstrate America’s power to the world and gain a political advantage in Europe (Offner 294). After World War II ended, there were negotiations aboutRead MoreRethinking Cold War History, By John Lewis Gaddis1340 Words   |  6 PagesGaddis, John L. We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press1997. We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History, is a book about the Cold War. This book was written by John Lewis Gaddis. John L. Gaddis is a Cold War historian. He portrays the Cold War in English and through the dialect of others. The thesis of this book is, I seek to situate this book at a particular point in time, not to claim timelessness for it. This is what I think we know now but did not knowRead MoreThe Cold War : A New History1650 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War lasted for forty years, from 1945 to 1985. Few historians took the time to address the events as they unfolded thus leaving most people with little or no explanations of the development of the war. During this fearful period, nine presidents served Americans and each president thought that the war carried a lot of dangers for forty five years. Accordingly, young Americans, Soviets and other citizens of the world require the services of a scholar with extraordinary gifts to provide insightRead MoreThe European Dimension Of The Cold War1458 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War between two rival super powers – the young United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics – was an inevitable one. The relationship between the former war allies had begun to dissolve during the Second World War and eventually came to blows in 1947. First, it’s important to note that the Cold War was something that was only between the USA and the USSR is a fallacy. David Reynolds’ piece titled The European Dimension to the Cold War is a historiographical piece

Reviving the Hemingway in Me Free Essays

Writing is regarded as one of the fundamental learning skills that every student should learn. When we were in our early years, we are taught of how to write the alphabet. I could still remember the tedious experience of filling the pages of my notebook with the letters. We will write a custom essay sample on Reviving the Hemingway in Me or any similar topic only for you Order Now Everyday, different letter is documented in the pages of my notebook. This activity aims to attain the perfection of writing characters adhering on the blue and red lines of my writing notebook. I could also remember when I started practicing the cursive form of writing, involving loops and sloppy curves. At first, my handwriting was illegible, that even I had a hard time reading the papers I wrote. After attaining perfection in recognizing and writing the timeless characters of the alphabet, the time of constructing sentences and simple paragraphs was the next in the line of my learning in my English class. The construction of my sentences includes grammar and syntax. My childhood experience in this aspect includes wrong choice of words and wrong subject-verb agreement, but these things were forgivable as I was a beginner back then. The words I used widen my ever-growing vocabulary and add up to the increasing body of knowledge I hold. As the sadistic education process progresses, the integrated requirements in the curriculum took a notch to the higher level. Subjects became harder and professors require loads of work. Essays have become a common and everyday work in English classes and other subjects. Almost every aspect of school suddenly required writing. My calloused fingers never stops working as I tediously finished all the necessary requirements for my classes. Through this activities that were often unnoticed by the students honed our essential craft in writing. The assignments that our mentors give out serve as practice in developing further what we already know. Determining one’s level of writing has become difficult. Because there are no agreed determinants for the quality of writing. Moreover, writing have different aspects and criteria could never be generalized. Literary writers are very proficient in utilizing adjectives and idiomatic expressions, and have very good writing skills. But they could not be as competent in technical writing or writing research papers and business related texts. In my personal view, my writing skill is average, for there are certain aspects of writing that I ought to learn. I am able to accomplish assigned writing tasks though I am not confident that it would satisfy every person’s taste. For writing is subjective or relative, it may be good for one but not to all. I am able to write compositions of different kinds, like literary, formal and technical writing based on the requirements for the text. I can easily adjust my writing style on the needed criteria for the writing assignment. My strong points include the fact that I am well-versed and able to utilize the English language appropriately. I am able to play with words, especially in literary writing which requires the use of adjectives and style. Modesty aside, I could regard myself well in developing a certain topic and including relevant information needed in written work. I am also a wide reader that I think is very essential in writing for reading enables you to include all kinds of relevant information you obtain through research. I am also knowledgeable in the different citation style, like MLA and APA. Though I am not very familiar with the other citation styles, I am very willing to learn this for it will be useful in my study. I am also open to constructive criticisms for the improvement of my writing style. My weaknesses would be on grammar, though this is only minimal errors. But sometimes, I tend to overlook some of my sentences and if I already committed errors in the written work. There are times that my mood affects my writing. Sometimes I tend to manifest my emotion through writing. The way I feel sometimes had an effect on my writing and my desired outcome on my manuscript. Instances like when I suffer melancholic situations, I tend to write about lonely stuffs or even not to write at all. But the positive side of me is I am eager to learn of the things I know nothing or little about. I am very open to criticisms especially when it comes to improving my writing capabilities. I am excited to take on challenges and this includes writing about topics I am not familiar with, for this is regarded as a new experience for me. Taking on subjects on unknown field gives me a wonderful feeling of discovering and learning new things. I am expecting that I will further improve and grow as a writer and I will be able to utilize my talents and skills for great outcomes. I am also expecting to learn new things like techniques that I am able to use in creating wonderful works on my craft. After taking this course, I expected to have that wonderful feeling that I am capable to write like my favorite novelist and develop stories that I could eventually share not only in the class but to others. This is the time that I could proudly say that I finally found the Hemingway in me. How to cite Reviving the Hemingway in Me, Papers

Incidence and mortality of Breast Cancer Free-Samples for Students

Question: Determine whether Annual Mammograms reduces the Mortality Rate of Women aged between 40 to 59 Diagnosed with breast cancer, by Comparing Women who had Mammograms with those who did not. Answer: Introduction: The focus of this paper is to evaluate the methodological quality of the research study by Miller, et al., (2014) with the aim of determining if this study addressed, in its design the probability and degree of bias within it. To successfully conduct the appraisal, several questions were used as provided by the critical appraisal tool for randomized controlled trial, thereby creating a standardized platform to assess the article. Such questions include whether the participant groups had similar prognostic details, identification of confounding factors, validity of results, randomization treatment, stratification, completion of follow up, and applicability of results in clinical practice (Godin, Dhillon, Bhandari, 2011). Twenty Five Year Follow-Up for Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study: Randomised Screening Trial by Miller, et al., (2014) The aim of the study was to compare the incidence and mortality of breast cancer in two groups of women, those exposed to mammography and who were not, with participants aged between 40 and 59 years with a 25year follow-up post mammogram. The research took a randomized controlled trial design where the participants were stratified by age, those between 40 and 49 and 50 to 59 years and further by five year age group. Randomization of participants between control group and treatment elevates the likelihood of obtaining participants with similar characteristics (Candice, David, Philippe, 2009). All participants were physically examined and randomization was then done by study coordinators in each of the 15 screening centers where eligible participants were independently, randomly, and blindly assigned to receive or not receive mammography, irrespective of the physical examination results. The selected participants to undergo mammography were screened for the first time and an additional four annual screens plus physical examination and a follow up scheduled. Participants assigned not to undergo mammography were attended physical examination procedures at their centers of screening. On mammography or physical examination, women whose results revealed abnormality were referred a review clinic and diagnostic mammography performed, if indicated. if it necessitated further investigations in diagnosis such as biopsy, they had to see a specialist. Diagnosed individuals with breast cancer underwent treatment under care recommended by their family doctors, and the researchers made a follow-up via communication with surgeon annually. Women with normal results resumed the trial. Strengths and Weaknesses This research study was ethical as signing of an informed consent form approved by relevant authorities was done by participants before randomization. For biasness, the study ensured equivalence of treatment groups by the random allocation of participants into the group to undergo or not undergo mammography. As Young Solomon, (2009) suggests, random controlled trials (RCT) enable similarity of participating groups in unknown and known confounding factors through the random allocation, thus reducing sytematic bias. Additionally, Miller, et al, 2014 further minimized bias by blinding participants during allocation of groups. As McCormack, (n.d) outlines, studies carried out in a blinded manner reduces the prejudice influence. Allocation conceilment was also addressed in Miller, et al, 2014 by allowing central randomization by a third party, study coordinators, as suggested by McCormack, (n.d). However, allocation conceilment using internet-based randomization system or computer progra m would have been more efficient. Since there was no proposed hypothesis or prediction of the results, it was difficult to trace impact bias in the study. Intention to treat analysis was not utilized in the study, and the study failed to mention if there was any discontinuation of participation due to any other reason apart from death. The study is applicable to clinical practice where breast cancer in women aged between 40 and 59 years is in consideration. Therefore, the study design used in this study is valid with randomization, similar prognostic factors of participants ensured, bias reduced and ethical issues addressed. Confounding factors may have influenced the results of this study. As Andale (2016) states, confounding factors can introduce bias and give false research results. For instance, the study failed to consider the breast cancer family history of participants, which have been shown to determine the likelihood of developing the disease. Also, participants behavioral factors such as smoking, and drinking, environmental factors such as the type of environment they are exposed to in their work places, utilization of contraceptives and existence of any other chronic conditions are also potential confounding factors that may influence the study results, by increasing the probability of developing breast cancer or accelerating death. Most of these factors were not awarded any consideration, since there is no mentioning of any exclusion criteria basing on such factors. With regard to real world factors that may affect the quality of this research, diagnosis with breast cancer is a scary experience and different women show different attitudes towards mammography screening. There was a possibility of increased droup out from participation of the study due to fear or attitudes, thus affecting the quality of the research. Additionally, the twenty five year follow up seems to be a limited time to enable complete exploration of the effects of mammography screening and other external factors that may influence development of breast cancer. Also, the lifestyle of individuals has been proven to play significant role in determining the likelihood of developing the disease. Since participants in this study have different lifestyles, the results may not be accurate, lowering the quality of the research. In this regard, the quality if the research may have been influenced by different factors. Although follow up was complete, it was not awarded adequate time since the awarded 25 years leaves no room for investigation for the influence of external factors. For the incomplete follow up, death was the reason. The trials results indicated no decrease in mortality associated with breast cancer upon mammography screening. However, significant results were obtained in difference in survival upon cancer diagnosis between physically diagnosed and mammography diagnosed cancers. Therefore, the research study by Miller, et al. (2014) complied with most of the recommended guidelines of undertaking a randomized control trial, rendering their study valid and of high quality. Particularly, the study design was appropriate, the outcome, death and tumor, to measure the impacts of mammography on mortality and incidence rates in women with breast cancer was suitable, and the study is clinically applicable. However, a number of aspects were not appropriately addressed as per the provisions of randomized control trial critical analysis tool. The follow up length, for instance, was not adequately consistent with the evolution of the disease. In this regard, Miller, et al., (2014)s article is, in general, of good quality. References Andel E,. (2016). Confounding Variable: Simple Definition and Example. Statistics how to. Retrieved April 28 from https:www.statisticshowto.com/design-of-experiments/confounding-variable/ Candice E., David J.T., Philippe R,.(2009) How to perform a critical analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Best Practice and Research: Clinical Rheumatology, Elsevier, 23 (2):291-303. Godin, K., Dhillon, M., Bhandari, M. (2011). The Three Minute Appraisal of a Randomized Trial . Indian Journal of Orthopaedics , 45(3): 194-196. McCormack, J. (n.d). How to Critically Appraise an RCT in 10 Minutes. Miller, A., Wall, C., Baines, C., Sun, P., To, T., Narod, S. (2014). Twenty five year follow-up for breast cancer incidence and mortality of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study: randomised screening trial. BMJ, 348(feb11 9), g366-g366 Young, J. M., Solomon, M. J. (2009). How to Critically Appraise an Article . Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol , 6(2): 82-91.